地震保险:灾后重建的支柱

柴桑 撰稿 • 2008-05-19 12:42:54 • 栏目:经济

  从灾后重建这个意义上说,建立一个全国性的地震保险制度是值得慎重考虑的。

  地震保险在大多数国家的发展时间都不长,即使是地震频发的日本,其地震保险制度也是在1964年新泻地震之后才逐步建立并完善起来的。在日本,地震保险作为房屋火灾保险的附加险存在,房屋所有者有权选择购买与否,但由于日本地震频发,地震保险的实际购买比例较高。与之相对应,新西兰地震保险是强制购买的,当房屋所有者购买房屋火灾保险时,必须同时购买地震保险。

  无论是新西兰的强制购买还是日本的非强制购买,两国地震保险在制度设计中都突出了政府参与的特征。这表明,地震保险在很大程度上,特别是家庭财产部分,具有很强的社会保险属性。尽管损失惨重的地震是极小概率事件,但一旦发生,保险公司基本是无力赔付的,这也是为什么很多国家地震都列入财险免责条款的重要原因。不过对于单个家庭来说,地震造成的财产损失是无法承受的。如果没有保险制度提供保障,单纯依靠政府资助,那么家庭灾后生活的恢复将是极其缓慢和痛苦的。

  既然保险市场本身无力解决在地震灾难中的市场失灵问题,那么政府必须在其中发挥干预作用。地震灾后重建的庞大资金需求不是政府或保险公司那一方能够单独提供的。日本和新西兰经验表明,在政府提供地震再保险的情况下,合理的地震保险制度设计可以有效提高灾后重建的效率,对政治、经济、社会的稳定都有很好的正面效应。

  地震保险的制度设计当然要结合本国实际,但是具有普遍性意义的国际经验也要积极借鉴。例如在地震保险费率方面,各国一般都按地区和建筑抗震等级来确定,这种经验具有通用性。各地区发生地震的概率千差万别,可能造成的损失也大相径庭,以此作为费率标准的参考因素之一是非常合理的。而建筑物抗震能力更是直接决定地震损失的主要因素。延伸一步考虑,在地震保险存在的情况下,如果建筑物发生不符合其名义抗震能力的损失,保险公司也有权向建筑开发商和承建商提出索赔要求。尽管这种建筑质量责任追究方法代价沉重,但在其他建筑质量检验渠道有可能失效的情况下,遭遇不恰当损失的保险公司或许能够更好的推动建筑质量提升。

  建立起一个比较有效的地震保险制度并非一个漫长的过程,很多国家和地区地震保险历史也不过十几年而已。地震保险或许无法减小地震灾害造成的损失,但地震保险却能有效的提升灾后重建效率。而且,由于损失责任承担比较明确,灾后引发的损失责任承担争议也将大幅减少。从灾后重建这个意义上说,建立一个全国性的地震保险制度是值得慎重考虑的。

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