中国必须开始准备应对没有金正日的朝鲜

安替 撰稿 • 2008-09-15 07:46:11 • 栏目:纵论

  在没有应对方案的时候,独裁政权崩溃带来的危险,对于世界来说,要远大于独裁政权本身的危险。萨达姆政权刚垮台的前三年,世界目睹了更多恐怖、更多死亡、基地组织的更蓬勃发展,美国因为没有足够的战后方案,而备受人们指责。中美两大国之前持续支持军人独裁者穆沙拉夫,也是担心如果一旦民主选举导致伊斯兰极端势力上台,这个拉登藏身的核武大国,会比民主之前更是国际社会的威胁。

  当金正日中风的消息传遍世界媒体的时候,在美国和韩国,相关政府竟然不是喜悦,而是紧张。虽然美国做梦都想让朝鲜政权结束,但如果是以金正日突然过世、核武权力交予军队的方式实现,那不但之前漫长的多轮六方会谈等于白费,而且更会把美国卷入一场国力已经根本无法应付的战争;而韩国,长期以来虽然认为南方最终会获得胜利,但真的南北要走向统一的话,韩国现在绝对无经济实力接收这个比当年东德更沉重10倍以上的负债。(按照世界银行数据估算,朝韩统一,韩国 GDP至少减少三分之一)

  虽然大家都知道金正日也会病老,但美韩显然没有认真意识到是现在。美韩之间只存在一个叫”概念计划5029″的方案,谈到了如果朝鲜崩溃,如难民南逃等时候美韩两国的联合应对,但卢武铉政府以主权为理由,否决了美军主导军事应变的可能性,让这个”概念计划”无法成为”作战计划”。最近为了应对金正日中风传闻,两国政府开始紧急秘密协商,准备正式升级到”作战计划5029″,加入核武危机等极端情况下的军事对应计划。

  但即便是”5029″,也是一种防御性的方案,意图把朝鲜威胁控制在三八线以南,并不是一个积极地主导朝鲜政权改变的计划,大有只要灾祸不南移,就谢天谢地的想法。因此美韩保守派大为感叹,在现在中国是朝鲜能源和物品80%供应者的现状下,这样消极的”5029″方案,只能导致后金朝鲜成为中国的附庸国。

  问题是中国也远没有任何真正意义上的准备,甚至连类似”5029″的防止崩溃危险西移至中国东北的消极计划,大概都没有制订过,更别提扶植傀儡政权的想法了。的确,今年中国的确在朝鲜边境设置了铁丝网,但这仅仅是在和朝鲜边防军合作才能制止难民入境,在朝鲜政权崩溃之后,不但区区铁丝网无法阻挡百万难民,而且从道义上中国也不能再无视邻国人民对我们的生死求援。
  不过,朝鲜的确对中国极为重要,后金的朝鲜,不会很快和韩国统一,肯定会有至少10年的过渡时期。对于中国的国家利益来说,新朝鲜政权必须亲华,必须稳定,也必须去核化。虽然中韩美外加日俄,会极尽全力在新政权寻找自己的代理人,但对朝鲜暂时保持稳定、无核化,还是有高度共识的。相信,六方会谈不会停止,而且会增加稳定和改革新朝鲜政权的功能。

  如何在不长的过渡期中,为中国谋取在朝的最大国家利益,是对朝政策制定者必须认真思考的。患难可以培植感情,在金过世之后,中国应当全面加大对朝鲜的援助力度,全力帮助朝鲜中央和地方进行市场化改革,建立类似”马歇尔计划”的对朝援助和改革计划,是能获得朝鲜人民”Hearts and Minds”的不二法门。在援助的过程中,对朝鲜人民尊重,因为他们的现在就是我们的六、七十年代,不能有大国沙文主义;而且要充分和韩国合作,毕竟朝鲜是韩国的朝鲜。将心比心,才能在朝韩统一的过渡期,为中国培养一代对华友好的韩国北方政治家,削弱反华的韩国南方政治家的影响,为中国的东北边境稳定,建立稳固基础。

  朝鲜一直是中国卷入国际战争的由头,中日甲午争夺的是朝鲜的管理权,和联合国的朝鲜战争争夺的是朝鲜半岛的意识形态和战略缓冲,而且该战争直接导致美国重新接受蒋家台湾政权。没有远虑,必有近忧,金正日虽然还没有过世,但他的中风,已经足够让国人开始思考,什么是我们的”计划5029″,什么是我们的对朝”马歇尔计划”。

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安替
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