多丽丝•吉普森:秘鲁新闻的美丽面孔

匿名 撰稿 • 2008-09-16 11:33:20 • 栏目:文化副刊

  《面具》的犀利与她的勇敢,都是秘鲁半世纪来荡气回肠的传奇。

  本文作者为刁莹

  五十八年前,一位美丽女子,一台打字机,一个小房间,构成了一本杂志的全部家底。杂志名字叫《面具》(Caretas)。今天,它已是秘鲁最具影响力的新闻杂志。

  8月23日,创下这本杂志并守候它半个世纪的传奇女报人多丽丝·吉普森(Doris Gibson)以98岁之高龄辞世。“我走了,但印刷机可不能停,”她在弥留之际对身边人说。

  创立之初,杂志的名字本来是“面孔和面具”(Caras y Caretas),但是当时秘鲁正处在独裁统治之下,所以多丽丝决定名字中只含面具二字,以影射当时的环境。

  杂志开始后不久就因抨击当时的政府而遭关闭。每期的视觉报道,从封面开始就让军政府当局心惊。因此曾先后被关闭八次,大部分都是在1970年代在贝拉斯科统治期间。“她每次都有办法在被禁之后重新开张,”她的孙女戴安娜回忆说,“只要有她,就没有什么不可能。”

  多丽丝出生在1910年的首都利马。这过程纯属意外:母亲恰巧在船上,不慎羊水破裂,只好临时靠岸生产。

  多丽丝父亲是秘鲁诗人派西·吉普森(Percy Gibson),为英国移民后裔,出生在富商家庭,但是性情反叛,走上文学之路。多丽丝的妹妹恰洛(Charo)说父亲一辈子一天都没有工作过,姐妹们摆着上流社会的派头,实际上过得却是穷酸的日子。

  多丽丝19岁即嫁给了一名阿根廷外交官。在天主教的秘鲁创下第一单离婚纪录前,他们育有一子,恩立克(Enrique)。这个儿子后来一直是《面具》杂志的编辑,人称秘鲁最好的记者。

  多丽丝年轻时美貌倾城,受到众多画家以及文艺界人士的追捧。她后来的恋人是古铁雷斯(Servulo Gutierrez),对方既把她当作情人,又是创作中的缪斯。他曾经为多丽丝绘过一幅真人大小的裸像,但是两人分手后,画被他卖给一个富商。孙女戴安娜(Diana)回忆说多丽丝和杂志的摄影师一起走进富商的家中,说想在日光下拍这幅画,结果就把画搬出来,上车急驰而去。而当富商打电话要索回这幅画时,她说:“我不想光着身子在你的房间里。”

  尽管头顶上流社会的光环,但朋友皆说她待人温暖。她常说,有没有钱,不过是运气的关系。

  不过,儿子恩立克说她的脾气有时像火山一样。母子二人之间的争吵也相当有名。但是,更多时候,她也把火发向权威。由于杂志的大胆和敢言,政府不停地想让这份秘鲁最重要的政治杂志噤声。每当办公室遭受袭击的时候,她总是站出来同士兵对抗,并让自己的摄影师记录下士兵的暴行。

  “野草从来不会死,”她在利马城发散的传单上写道。在她看来,言论自由从来无法被压制,就像野草总是会在马路的缝隙当中钻出来。

  她一生守候着这本杂志。自己的房间就在杂志办公楼的八层。儿子说她是一个天生的战士,也是天生的女企业家。

  在女人依附丈夫生活的时代,她独立敢言。在女权运动开始之前,她就已经是女性主义者。而不论在秘鲁的新闻史还是艺术史上,《面具》的犀利报道与她的勇敢美丽,都是荡气回肠的传奇。

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