美国共和党:何去何从

何京锴 撰稿 • 2009-05-14 02:12:25 • 栏目:纵论

  三十年河东,三十年河西,正是用来形容美国共和党近年来处境的。4年前的共和党不仅掌控着白宫,还以很大的优势控制了国会两院,逼得民主党左支右绌。转眼过去,今天的共和党不仅在大选中输给了奥巴马,还在国会被民主党杀得丢盔弃甲。先是4月底揭晓的纽约州联邦众议员补选中,共和党在曾经的优势选区落败,紧接着党内温和派的元老,宾夕法尼亚州参议员斯佩克特又宣布倒戈民主党。到了5月7日,连去年底大选中,以小老百姓身份支持共和党,被两党候选人在辩论中屡屡提及并名声大噪的“水管工乔”也宣布,正式退出共和党。此时,连共和党人自己都不禁要问,共和党怎么了?

  共和党的处境日益恶化,最基本的原因当然还是过去八年执政结下的苦果。伊拉克战争高昂的费用和不断上升的死亡数字让选民在2006年的中期选举中狠狠地教训了共和党,使国会两院控制权易手。随后金融危机和全球经济衰退的接踵而来,选民又理所当然地把荷包变瘪的怒气发泄到共和党头上。但两连败的共和党即使在野,仍旧遭遇这一连串的打击,问题就不仅仅在于执政不利了。

  共和党元老斯佩克特的退党最能够说明问题所在,这位明年面临连任的议员在解释自己为什么要退出共和党时,直白地表示“我没有办法赢得明年的党内初选”。民意调查显示,斯佩克特虽然在共和党人中支持率落后对手(30)多个百分点,但在全宾州范围内能以53%的支持率超出其初选对手。共和党人宁愿选择立场保守却赢不了选举的候选人,也不愿意支持立场温和的资深议员。于是不少温和派共和党人,要么宣布改换门庭,要么就在初选中被同党对手击败,获胜的对手往往又输掉正式选举,让民主党渔翁得利。

  正如斯佩克特自己所抱怨的,“今天的共和党已经不再是那个里根时代,让我引以为豪的共和党了。”共和党的政治立场在过去的八年间不断右转,利用选民对共和党处理国家安全问题的信赖,所向披靡,同时将自己反堕胎、反枪支管制、反同性恋婚姻的社会观念充分发扬。但美国选民的价值取向并不永远停留在保守一隅,因此,共和党越是向保守的极端方向前进,民主党就越在这些议题上有着广阔的回旋空间。以堕胎议题为例,民主党中既有主张完全合法化堕胎的声音,也有主张限制晚期堕胎或允许地方政府各自处理堕胎议题的温和声音,共和党则日益极端化,倾向主张禁止一切形式的堕胎。共和党的极端化路线不仅吓走了一批温和派的共和党选民,也缩小了自己的政治版图,导致全党不断遭受挫折。

  在斯佩克特退党之后,无论是共和党内的保守派还是温和派,都开始进行反思。被评为参议院最保守议员的德明特就呼吁,所有共和党人都应该团结在“自由”这个共和党核心价值观的周围,获得了不少温和共和党人的响应。30年前的共和党,正是高举着“自由”的大旗,抨击民主党政府过分干涉公民的生活,主张缩小政府权限、减少税收,由此获得了选民们的信任。反观今天的共和党,被极端保守的宗教势力把持,变成了一个以维护传统社会道德为己任的政党。而共和党走保守路线的失败,投射出的正是美国民众意识形态从保守回归温和的迁移。

  共和党参议院领袖麦康奈尔在接受采访时坦承,以目前的局面,共和党在未来的国会中期选举中,很可能还会丢失更多的席位,奥巴马施政的势如破竹,正日益增大共和党调整路线的压力。不过说归说,做归做,月前共和党全国委员会主席斯蒂里公开批评著名的保守派电台主持人林博,认为他鼓吹的极端保守理念太具煽动性。两人交恶的结果是身为党主席的斯蒂里不得不低头向林博道歉,保守派在共和党内的影响力可见一斑。百年一遇的经济危机正在开始形塑新的美国政治社会版图,各政党相应调整自己的政策路线势在必行,有着多次从危机中复兴经历的共和党对此也有着清醒的认识。但要由认识转化为行动,共和党可能还得多栽几个跟头方能下定决心。

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何京锴
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