巴霍索二世

叶乐天 撰稿 • 2009-06-3 12:36:10 • 栏目:欧洲

  左派的理念似乎注定了它无法成为欧洲建制过程中的发动机,而只能作为刹车板。

  布鲁塞尔众人皆知的秘密,就是现欧盟委员会(European Commission)主席巴霍索(Jose Manuel Durao Barroso)的连任问题。作为欧洲委员会主席的唯一候选人,2004年各欧洲党派妥协之下临时选择的巴霍索,继续他的第二个任期似乎已无悬念。

  根据欧盟法律,欧盟委员会主席由欧盟理事会和成员国政府首脑提名,并需要征得欧洲议会的同意。第一道门槛,巴霍索可轻松跳过。在欧盟27成员国中,他所代表的中右(保守)力量正在其中的21个充当执政党。除此之外,其他中左掌权的国家中,至少西班牙、葡萄牙已经明确表示支持。集结在巴霍索身后的保守政府力量,在欧盟圆桌上占到了绝对多数。

  而第二道门槛,巴霍索也完全没必要担心。无论此次议会选举席数如何变化,可以肯定的是代表中右力量的第一大党欧洲人民党-欧洲民主党(EPP-ED)仍会保持议会多数。虽然这并不意味着否决巴霍索连任理论上不可能:拿现有议会做例子。本届议会总共785个席位,其中中右第一大党EPP-ED占288席,中左第一大党欧洲社会党(ESP)占217席。否决生效需要绝对多数393票,如果左派能一致联合甚至争取到部分中右但不支持巴霍索连任的党派,否决仍是可能的。

  事实上,欧洲左派也曾试图如此经营,不久前的“红绿联合”,就是欧洲社会党(红)与欧洲绿党(绿)“联合抗巴”的一次尝试,但是并没有成功。前者席数加上后者43席,离倒巴的多数还差了一大截,其他小党在巴优势如此明显的形势下也轻易不会尝试联合。

  很多人或许会问,如果中左党派如此反对巴霍索所代表的中右保守力量,如此反对中右所设想的欧洲未来,为什么不推选出一个自己的候选人来与巴竞争呢?巴霍索作为唯一的候选人,他的主张、他代表的政治势力一目了然,但是反对他的其他方,除了反对巴霍索之外,似乎没有更多的共同点了。

  造成这种政治软弱的原因之一,是因为左派,如果还能将他们统一称之为左派的话,背后的政治主张和价值更加多元化。左派都主张一个“更社会化的欧洲”,但何谓“更社会化的”?对于某些人,它意味着更环保;对于另一些人,它更强调劳工保障。左派阵营在价值取向上的分歧使得他们难以融合。

  另一个原因则在于,左派根本就不希望在欧盟建制中有“巴霍索”这个存在,“欧盟委员会”的存在本身就是和议会民主自相矛盾的。对于左派来说,欧洲首先需要成为一个更社会化的欧洲,而不是一个更政治的欧洲;即使欧洲需要政治化,也需要议会式的民主政治,而不是委员会式的外交政治。

  做一个或许不太恰当的比喻,欧洲中右和中左的“建欧”争论,就像国家建制中的实君和虚君制之争。中右固然推举出一个“实君”宣讲自己的“强权”纲领,本身就反对实君的中左又怎么可能推出一个强大的候选人来宣讲完全相反的纲领呢?如果中左无法推选自己的主席候选人的话,并不是疏于战略考虑,也不是内战无暇,而是左派的设想本身就与主席候选人不兼容。

  但是现实政治的结果是,巴霍索将毫无悬念地赢得连任。左派的理念似乎注定了它无法成为欧洲建制过程中的发动机,而只能作为刹车板。它的抗争短期看必定是政治无效的,但长期看或许并不是徒劳无功的。

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