从“叛军”到“土匪”:谈何容易?

张昕 撰稿 • 2009-06-24 08:09:05 • 栏目:邻国

  北高加索地区“叛军”和政府之间的武装冲突很有可能又将进一步升级。

  6月22日位于俄罗斯北高加索地区的印古什共和国发生针对总统尤努斯·贝克·叶夫库罗夫的自杀式汽车炸弹袭击,叶夫库罗夫的胞弟乌瓦伊斯死亡,包括叶夫库罗夫在内的至少三人受重伤。 事发当时,驾驶丰田佳美轿车的恐怖分子在高速公路上袭击了叶夫库罗的车队,恐怖分子所使用的炸药威力达200公斤TNT当量。

  这一袭击事件将最近一个多月来在北高加索地区发生的一系列针对政府官员的恐怖袭击推向新高潮。6月10日,恐怖分子开枪射击印古什共和国最高法院副院长阿扎·加兹格列耶娃乘坐的面包车,加兹格列耶娃遇刺身亡。6月13日,该共和国前副总理巴希尔·奥舍夫遇刺。同时,同处北高加索地区的达吉斯坦共和国的内务部长也被暗杀。 这一系列暗杀事件手段残忍,明确指向所在地国家强力机构的高官,可以视为分离主义分子对俄罗斯国家权力机构的直接宣战。 

  北高加索地区除车臣以外的其他6个共和国经济社会情况与车臣类似,然而两次车臣战争吸引了公众几乎所有的注意力,战争从而部分掩盖了其他共和国内部以及他们与俄罗斯联邦中央之间的诸多问题。今年4月16日,梅德韦杰夫宣布俄罗斯联邦军队在车臣的反恐行动正式全面结束,实质上宣布了长达十年的第二次车臣战争的结束。然而当时不少业内人士已经预测:俄联邦军队的撤出和车臣领导人卡德罗夫对本国局势的有效控制只是把冲突的焦点转向临近的几个共和国,尤其是印古什和达吉斯坦。过去一个月内这一系列高调的恐怖袭击事件无疑验证了上述担忧。让北高加索地方政府和俄联邦政府尤其感到脸上无光的是,就在不久前,为了配合官方宣布在车臣战事的结束,印古什政府和车臣政府还在准备向联邦政府汇报最近一轮反恐攻势的胜利(包括可能击毙自封的“高加索酋长国”总统多卡·乌马若夫),期望在官方宣传中全面结束在该地区针对“叛乱者”的攻势,而将斗争对象改称“土匪”,以重新界定该地区斗争的性质。

  在叶夫库罗夫遇刺后,俄总统梅德韦杰夫马上责成卡德罗夫严厉打击恐怖主义,并强调政府对犯罪现象决不姑息纵容。和叶夫库罗夫一样对境内恐怖分子和叛军实行有条件特赦政策的卡德罗夫也随即表示将中止特赦政策。考虑到冬奥会的主办地索契也在北高加索地区,俄罗斯政府稳定该地区局势因这一系列暗杀事件有了更大的压力,“叛军”——而不仅仅是“土匪”——和政府之间的武装冲突很有可能又将进一步升级。

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张昕
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