世界上最长寿的男人去了

灵子 撰稿 • 2009-06-24 08:30:11 • 栏目:文化副刊

  能在保障健全的社会制度里安然享尽天年,不枉凡人的一生了。

  6月19日,日本老人田锅友时(Tomoji Tanabe)因慢性心功能不全在家中去世,享年113岁又274日。吉尼斯世界纪录认定他为全球最长寿的男人,如今这一称号由英国一战老兵亨利·阿林厄姆(Henry Allingham)顶班,后者在十几天前刚刚度过其113岁生日。

  田锅友时出生于1895年,2006年6月成为日本最长寿的男人;次年6月,在西班牙人艾米利亚诺·德尔托罗(Emiliano Mercado del Toro)于115岁高龄辞世后,他又在全球范围内年龄居首,是1895年出生人里最后一个健在者。

  “我想至少再活十年。”113岁生日前夕,他在家中接受媒体采访时这样表示,“还能和大家说话是我最高兴的事。”其时他腿脚康健,每天早上看报纸,下午三点喝牛奶,最爱的食物是炸虾和日本酱汤。

  他曾是宫崎县都城市政府的土木技师,退休之后经营农业,膝下有8个子女、25个孙辈、53个重孙和6个玄孙。不断有人向他打听长寿秘诀,他笑笑说:“就是不碰烟酒啊。”

  他的高龄位列全球最长寿男人第十名,仅比第九名美国人约翰逊·帕克斯(Johnson Parks)少一天。魁首亦来自日本,泉重千代(Shigechiyo Izumi),享年120岁又237日,只是他的年龄尚存争议(另一说法称其只有105岁)。

    在这十人名单中,五名来自美国,三名来自日本,恰巧体现出两国在长寿老人数量上的绝对地位。事实上,美国与日本正是全世界人瑞(centenarian)——对年龄过百者的敬称——人数最多的国家。根据2008年的数据统计,美国有人瑞96548人,日本有36276人,排在第三名的是法国,共20115人。

  美国位居榜首,很大程度归功于完善的养老与医疗保障体系。一般而言,在美国的退休者有三个渠道的养老金给付:由美国社会保障局发放的社保养老金;有雇主提供的雇主养老金;家庭及个人构建的退休储蓄账户和人寿保险。三种渠道基本使美国成为世界范围内老年人最有保障的国家之一。

  在医疗保障方面,由于老年人的医疗费用负担很重,美国政府几乎将所有社会医保的财力都投入在老年人身上,只有年满65周岁的老人才有资格享受医保给付待遇,这在全世界是唯一的。此外,专门针对老年人的“医疗救助”计划,也可为支付不起医疗费用的老年人帮助。

  在这样的体系及日益提高的医学水平保障下,美国人瑞数量保持了较高的增长速度。1990年,美国有百岁以上老人三万七千名,到了2007年,根据贺曼贺卡公司提供的数据,当年已卖出“恭祝百岁寿诞”的贺卡八万五千多张。

  “到2050年,美国将有84万左右人瑞,甚至可能达到100万。”位于纽约的国际长寿中心总裁罗伯特·巴特勒(Dr. Robert Butler,)如此预言。

  联合国对于日本的预测结果也相映成趣──“到2050年,日本百岁老人数量将会突破100万,为世界最多。”这样的推断,基于日本人瑞数量的迅速增长。1963年日本第一次统计时百岁人瑞仅有153人,40年间已增加150倍。

  而日本国民的平均寿命也在持续增长,据2007年日本厚生劳动省公布的“简易生命表”显示,该年日本女性的平均寿命为85.99岁,连续23年排名世界第一,男性为79.19岁,排名世界第三,前两名分别为冰岛79.4和香港79.3岁。

  日本人的长寿已经吸引了无数学者专家前去研究,并得出五花八门的结论,其中许多互相冲突,甚至与世界其他地区的规律相反。但鉴于日本人瑞多分布在冲绳地区,研究者们亦达成几点共识:

  饮食多以米饭、鱼类、蔬菜等低脂肪食物为主;常年劳作,即便年龄很大仍坚持劳动;相互关怀的社区生活,老人之间不像其他地区一样彼此隔绝,可以更好地互相照料;生活压力较小;国民具有较好的保健意识,重视步行等日常锻炼——这或许与其传统生活模式有关,日本传统家庭中男主外女主内,每个角色都不可替代,为防家庭失去支柱,保健意识尤显重要。

  以上分析多基于日本的地理环境和日常生活习惯,与此同时,日本政府在医疗保障制度上的努力也是不容忽视的重要因素。

  2000年,日本政府在长期调查论证的基础上,导入了面向全体国民的“国民看护保险”制度,面向全体纳税人,以社会财富的积累为国民的晚年提供保障。在此制度下,对老人的看护不再依赖家庭,而是由专业人士所提供的专业服务来实现,并可解决由高龄住院带来的医疗难题。

  另外,“癌症、心脏病、脑中风是造成日本人死亡的三大原因,治疗效果的提高带动了平均寿命的延长。这一倾向将会继续保持。”厚生劳动省分析称。

  在日本,每年9月15日是“敬老日”,百岁寿诞的老人会获得政府颁发的银质杯子及首相签署的证书。对长寿者的敬重之意全球皆然,美国百岁老人会接到总统的贺信,英国百岁者将收到女王的电报问候,而冰岛籍居民即便居住在国外,也会在百岁时收到政府寄来的2540欧元“人瑞奖金”。

  这种敬重或许多少来自对长生不老的向往,如同中国皇帝自古总在享受“万岁万岁万万岁”的祝福一样,长命百岁是放之四海而皆准的愿望。无怪乎即便如长寿者田锅友时,也曾毫不忌讳地表示“我很开心。我还不想死呢。”

  愿望可以无限美好,然而天国终亦有时,能在保障健全的社会制度里安然享尽天年,亦不枉凡人的一生了。

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