IT十年三国志(3)

Gabriel 撰稿 • 2010-02-9 08:33:33 • 栏目:文化副刊, 欧洲

广告市场上苹果与微软公司间弥漫的硝烟,恐怕会渐渐消散。但手机市场可能成为两者的下一个战场。

在美国市场,人们一般会觉得微软和苹果之间存在着激烈的竞争。这种印象主要来源于两家公司近两年来在美国电视广告市场上,针锋相对地推出了两个系列广告 (Mac vs PC和I’m a PC)。 这两个系列中,双方各投入上亿美元的资金。这个系列的广告在广告界被认为将成为美国广告史上的一个经典案例,与当年的可口可乐和百事之间的争夺有得一比。

广告战虽然精彩,不过产生的短期直接效果并没有那么有戏剧性。苹果Mac电脑的市场份额近年来上升了几个百分点,但是Windows仍然占据着超过90% 的市场份额。更值得注意的是,广告播出的三年期间,苹果在iPhone上取得了惊人的成功, 加上此前在Mac, iPod上的成功,苹果品牌在用户和消费者的满意度长时间高居榜首。苹果的用户对其产品推崇备至,甚至顶礼膜拜,带动媒体对苹果的关注犹如追星。这使得苹果能够以高定价赚取高额的利润。终于 09年苹果公司市场价值稍稍超越谷歌,成为IT界仅次于微软,排名第二的公司。

其实IT界老大和老二(微软和苹果)之间的对抗,远没有老大和老三(微软和谷歌)之间那么不共戴天。事实上苹果电脑上卖的最好的软件,正是微软的 Office。 iPhone的App Store里,Bing也是非常受欢迎的。市场上甚至风传,iPhone有可能选Bing取代Google,作为其缺省搜索引擎。虽然微软和苹果在PC和手机市场仍然是强硬的竞争对手,但是仔细分析的话,两家公司所侧重的市场相当不同。苹果注重消费者,特别是高端消费市场。其在商用市场成功非常有限。微软的主要利润来自商用市场,对消费市场一贯不够重视。

不管Windows多么强势,占领100%的PC市场是不可能完成的任务。总有一个标新立异的小众PC市场会拒绝Windows。苹果如果能提供一个足够差异化的产品,它就可能在这个市场里获得成功。事实上苹果确实以iMac和MacBook的出色设计做到了在这个市场的成功。苹果通过广告推进了Mac系列的成功,但是其下一个战略重点并不在PC市场。Windows在软件开发平台上的优势,帮助微软渡过Vista带来的麻烦。Windows 7的推出也许意味着苹果的黄金机会已经渐渐远去。Windows正在重新确立其在PC市场上几乎不可动摇的优势。

广告市场上两家公司间弥漫的硝烟,恐怕会渐渐消散。

微软和苹果的下一个战场,可能是在手机。苹果近20年最伟大的成功,无疑是iPhone。不夸张地说,iPhone很可能是21世纪前十年最伟大的科技产品。苹果从未涉入手机市场,推出的第一款产品却能立即颠覆整个智能手机市场,其技术创新和产品设计能力可以说是惊世骇俗。自2007年1月9日 iPhone推出以后到现在的三年时间,就是全世界手机业追赶和模仿苹果的三年。其他手机厂商在对外观设计惊叹礼拜之后,纷纷推出大屏幕多触点产品。但两年之后他们突然发现,iPhone真正可怕的地方,还在数以万计的运行在iPhone上的Apps。大家终于意识到,一个iPhone的平台正在眼前浮现。以此势头发展下去,苹果正在成为智能手机平台的微软。

微软可以容忍苹果的iPod成为市场的统治者,因为那个市场并不具有太高的战略价值。但是智能手机是一个绝对具有战略意义的市场。其未来不可限量。微软的 Windows Mobile在这个市场上起了个大早,赶了个晚集。如何能够以Windows Mobile 7追赶苹果,前景甚不明朗。

苹果教教主乔布斯曾经点出苹果的成功之道。苹果是唯一一个控制用户端对端体验(end to end experience)的公司。从芯片的研制,产品外形,操作系统,最终产品的定价,和销售渠道,直到苹果零售店。苹果能够控制最终用户对苹果产品的所有感受,对用户的意见马上做出反应。这是微软无法做到的。苹果必须充分利用自身的特点,给用户最好的体验,赚取优质产品的超额利润。

苹果的发展势头依然强劲。但是也面临着一些问题。苹果相对的封闭系统,已经招致业界的非议。每个iPhone上的应用程序都要经过苹果首肯,这会不会引起开发商足够的反弹,影响其未来发展? 谷歌的Android平台会不会以其开放性特点后来居上?苹果能不能持续开发出明星产品?经过iPhone的高峰,近日苹果推出的iPad前景似乎没有那么清晰。

未来在微软和苹果之间,可能会见到微软继续在消费领域(手机,音乐/媒体播放器等)、追赶苹果。苹果在巩固其iPhone等消费产品的强势地位后,也会向微软的企业市场进攻(iPhone进军商用市场)。不过总体上看,双方还是竞争中有合作。

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Gabriel
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