希拉里关注“硅幕”后的经济考量

花落去 撰稿 • 2010-02-9 09:26:43 • 栏目:经济

  对“硅幕”的关注,固然有意识形态方面的因素,但其后的经济利益,才为“互联网自由”提供了不竭动力。

  美国民主党党鞭、参议院司法委员会人权与法律事务小组委员会主席德宾(Dick Durbin)要求美国30家大型信息及通信公司,包括苹果电脑、美国电话电报公司(AT&T)丶诺基亚丶亚马逊网上书店丶Facebook、twitter等公司,在在华业务中的保障人权、言论自由与隐私的政策上作出解释。美联社报道,美国电话电报公司及facebook已答应出席有关听证会,而推特(twitter) 在中国没有设立办事处,但也表示愿意分享其经验。 

  自国务卿希拉里发表《互联网自由》演讲后,美方已将谷歌退出事件提升至“总统关注”级别,并可能演变成中美贸易风波。美国贸易代表正研究是否向世贸组织投诉中国违反世贸规定。希拉里演讲中,也曾明确提及这一点。她在演说中着重使用“科技企业的标志性特征”“国家商标”等用语。此外,她以 “A new information curtain is descending across much of the world.”这一句式来概括当下世界局势。丘吉尔的“铁幕”(iron curtain)为众人所熟知,而希拉里则以information curtain来概括她的外交观和国际贸易观,不妨称之为“硅幕”。

    应该看到,经济利益是外交表态、大国角逐等表面现象下的核心利益。美国早已完成工业化进程,除了保留发达的农业以安抚选民外,制造业、重工业等行业早已逐步转移到海外生产基地。即使是被其他国家视为“高新技术”的信息产业,其中较为基础的代码设计等工作,也已经外包到印度等国;因为软件工程化以后,代码编写本质上来说,也是一种高重复、低技术的机械劳动。因此,在美国的经济战略中,“信息产业”更多地是指信息的组织、流动和管理。处理好这一环节,庞大的制造业、金融业、其他实体工业和各种消费产业,就能以市场自发的方式,完成最佳资源的配置。

    因此,信息的高速流动,一直以来是美国国家首脑的管理目标。早在1992年2月,当时的总统比尔·克林顿即在国情咨文中提出“信息高速公路”计划,拟建设一张覆盖全美的光缆网;同时,克林顿还提出“网络新政”,推动对网上交易免征额外赋税。通过这两项政策,互联网产业带动了美国长达七年的经济起飞,被称为二战后第二长的黄金时期。2000年,民主党总统候选人戈尔又提出“数字地球”计划,打算将信息高速公路的成果扩展至全球每一个美国的利益相关地。直到希拉里·克林顿的此次演讲,在推进有利于现有产业发展的信息自由流动方面,美国政府不遗余力。

   因此,在意识形态上,言论自由、个人隐私保护固然是其最高诉求,但在产业结构上,以Google为代表的信息企业,也已经将信息自由流动与商业利益完美地结合在一起。后者,才是美国得以全力推进“互联网自由”的不竭动力。

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